china_shopLesson 26: ㄷ irregular verbs
ㄷ at the end of a verb stem, when followed by a vowel, changes to ㄹ.
Examples:
듣다 = to listen
걷다 = to walk
묻다 = to ask
싣다 = to load
깨닫다 = to realise
(Examples of verbs that do NOT follow this rule:
받다 = to receive
묻다 = to bury
닫다 = to close
믿다 = to believe)
Lesson 27: Politeness levels
Expressions for asking permission to speak 반말.
If you're the older one:
말 놔도 돼요? Can I speak in 반말 with you?
말 편하게 해도 돼요? Can I speak comfortably with you?
If you're the younger one:
말 놓으셔도 돼요. You can speak casually with me.
말 편하게 하셔도 돼요. You can speak comfortably with me.
If you're the same age:
우리 말 놓을까요?
말 편하게 해도 돼죠?
How to change 존댓말 to 반말.
Drop the 요.
Future tense: -(으)ᄅ 거예요 --> -(으)ᄅ 거야
When calling someone, add “아” or “야” to the end of their name.
When talking about someone, add "이" after names that end with a consonant. (eg, 석진이가 말했어.)
Lesson 28: Saying "Let's..." in 반말
Verb stem + -자
eg, 조금만 더 기다리자 = Let’s wait a little longer.
Lesson 29: ㅅ irregular verbs
ㅅ at the end of a verb stem, when followed by a vowel, is dropped.
Examples:
낫다 = to heal, to recover, to get better (감기 다 나았어요? = Did you recover (completely) from the cold?)
젓다 = to stir (liquid)
잇다 = to connect, to link (두 개를 이였어요 = I connected the two (objects).)
짓다 = to build, to compose (좋은 이름을 지을 거예요 = I'm going to make a good name.)